2007/04/05

Still's disease

以下內容選自維基百科
Still's disease is a form of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, characterized by high spiking fevers and transient rashes, named after the English physician Sir George Frederic Still (1861-1941). The disease was first discovered in children, but now it is also known to occur, less commonly, in adults in whom it is referred to as adult-onset Still's disease.
There are several theories about the cause of Still's disease. It has been suggested it may be caused by a microbacterial infection or that it is an autoimmune disorder. However, the cause of Still's disease remains unknown
Symptoms
Patients with Still's disease usually have systemic symptoms. Usual symptoms include:
waves of high fevers that rise to 40 °C (104 °F) which may be accompanied by extreme fatigue
A faint transient non-itching salmon-colored skin rash can also be observed.
Flu like pain throughout the body,
muscle pain
Other signs and symptoms include:
swelling of the lymph glands (lymphadenopathy)
enlargement of the spleen (splenomegaly) and liver (hepatomegaly)
sore throat
pleurisy and pericarditis -- inflammation of the pleura (the lining around the lungs) or the pericardium (the lining around the heart) with fluid accumulation.
Although the arthritis may initially be overlooked because of the other symptoms, children with Still's disease eventually develops pain and swelling in several joints. Though any joint can be affected, some joints (like the wrists) are more likely to be affected by the disease than others. In some patients with ""Adult-onset"" Still's Disease, pain in the joints arthralgias may be predominant over swelling and typical signs of arthritis.

Diagnosis
Because the disease presents in many different ways, diagnosis is difficult. It is often a laborious process consisting of the elimination of other diseases. It is diagnosed on a basis of clinical features of the illness, with the results of a number of common tests combined. Persistent arthritis (lasting at least 6 weeks) is frequently a symptom. A rash is frequently visible on the body, and the patients usually suffer from high, spiking fevers. Blood tests frequently indicate elevated white blood cell counts, suggesting there is serious inflammation. Also, low red blood cell counts (anemia) are common. Typically, elevated blood tests indicate in high sedimentation rates, an indicator of inflammation. Other indicators of inflammation may also be elevated, including CRP (c-reactive protein) and ferritin levels. However, the classic blood tests for rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus are usually negative.

Prognosis
The fever and most of the other symptoms tend to run their course within several months. However, the arthritis can become a long-term problem as a chronic illness persisting into adulthood. In addition, since the disease can present as an acute illness in adulthood, many adult patients with chronic illness from Still's Disease never show signs or symptoms of the disease in childhood, but both initially present with the disease in adulthood and may have persistence of all symptoms through some period of adulthood. The fever and systemic symptoms in these patients may go in remission, leaving arthritis symptoms. Conversely, all signs and symptoms, including arthritis and systemic signs and symptoms, may either remit completely during adulthood, present intermittently in a "flare" type pattern or, less commonly, continue indefinitely during adulthood.
以下內容選自Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine - 16th Ed. (2005)
A number of patients in these series had temporal arteritis, adult Still's disease, drug-related fever, and factitious fever. In recent series, ~25 to 30% of cases of FUO have remained undiagnosed. The general term noninfectious inflammatory diseases applies to systemic rheumatologic or vasculitic diseases such as polymyalgia rheumatica, lupus, and adult Still's disease as well as to granulomatous diseases such as sarcoidosis and Crohn's and granulomatous hepatitis.

Zelnorm(Zelmac、暢能錠) 增心臟病風險













圖片轉自諾華網頁:http://www.novartis.com.tr/pharma/01_html/ZElmac.asp

小藥師註:tegaserod為5HT-4的agonist,與Cisapride類似藥理機轉


以下是諾華聲明稿:
On March 30, Novartis announced that it is complying with an FDA request to suspend marketing of Zelnorm.
A recent analysis of clinical trial data identified a small imbalance that was statistically significant in the number of cardiovascular ischemic events in patients taking Zelnorm. These events included heart attack, stroke and unstable angina. They occurred primarily in patients who had pre-existing cardiovascular disease and/or cardiovascular risk factors. There is no demonstrated causal relationship between Zelnorm and these events.
Patients who are taking Zelnorm should speak with their doctor about other appropriate treatment options. Patients can return any unused and unexpired Zelnorm tablets to Novartis for reimbursement of out-of-pocket costs. More information can be obtained by calling the Novartis Customer Interaction Center at 888-NOW-NOVA (888-669-6682).
Novartis believes that Zelnorm provides important benefits for appropriate patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. We will discuss with the FDA the best way to continue to make this medication available to patients.
衛生署昨天宣布,女性便秘型大腸躁鬱症短期治療用藥「暢能錠」,會增加心臟病風險,美國食品藥物管理局(FDA)已要求藥廠停止販售,台灣也跟進,要求藥廠在今年六月卅日前下市。
衛生署藥政處長廖繼洲說,FDA根據新出爐的一分研究分析,研究涵蓋11614名使用暢能錠患者,及7031名使用安慰劑的對照組患者,結果發現,使用暢能錠的患者中,有13人出現嚴重或危及生命的心血管不良反應,包括三人中風、六人嚴重胸痛、四人心臟病發(其中一人死亡);對照組僅一人出現心血管不良反應。
衛生署藥物不良反應通報中心前年底接獲一例通報,一名71歲女性中風,懷疑與此藥有關。暢能錠商品名為Zelmac,為諾華公司生產,衛生署昨天宣布將廢止藥證,並要求藥廠回收下市。
廖繼洲說,此藥健保不給付,使用暢能錠的患者,應儘速與醫師聯絡,改用其他藥物代替。書田診所大腸直腸科主治醫師胡煒明說,暢能在臨床上較少使用,如有便秘,建議患者多攝取蔬菜、水果,多喝水及運動,這些方法還無法改善,才會考慮開纖維素給患者服用。

選錯保養品,臉上粉刺冒一堆

化妝保養品通常由多種成分組成,有些成分容易導致粉刺的生成,如果剛好換了保養品,臉上又冒出不少粉刺等生成物,最好暫停使用,趕快尋求專業治療。
年近三十的陳小姐,因為嘴巴周圍形成許多的小疹子來求診。檢查後發現,大多是白頭粉刺及幾顆紅色丘疹型痘痘。詢問病史後發現,病患在最近兩個月所用的卸妝油,可能是導致粉刺生成的主要原因。在停用該產品及適當治療後,患者的情況逐漸改善。
在青春痘的患者中,有些的確是使用化妝保養品所導致的,其中以超過二十五歲的女性成人痘患者最常見,病灶則以嘴巴周圍的閉鎖性粉刺及痘痘最常見。
化妝保養品通常由多種成分組成,有些成分容易導致粉刺的生成,被稱為致粉刺性,另外有一類的化妝保養品成分,會導致皮膚產生膿,或是紅色痘痘樣的疹子,被稱為致痘性;會導致粉刺生成的物質包括綿羊油、凡士林,及一些蔬菜油、印度髮油、傳統香皂中的脂肪酸、脂肪酸酯等。
保養品成分是否會導致粉刺的生成,近三十年來,常用兔子外耳道做測試,測試的結果通常標示為零級(不會導致粉刺)至五級(嚴重的致粉刺性),此種測試比人類的皮膚有更高的敏感性。另外一種測試方式為人體測試,準確性較高。美國皮膚科醫學會建議,如果動物實驗不會導致粉刺性,則對人類皮膚也不會導致粉刺生成;如果測試結果為一級至二級,對人體通常不會導致粉刺;如果測試結果為三級至五級,需要重新配方,或是做適當的人體試驗判斷是否有致粉刺性。
要注意的是,會導致粉刺生成的保養品,並不是一用就會產生,通常在使用產品數週後產生,有時候會在數個月後,才導致粉刺的產生。如果臉上冒了一堆的粉刺,而在最近幾個月內,又剛好更換過化妝保養品,尤其是擦起來較油膩感的保養品,都要懷疑是可能的原因,應先暫停使用,更換為不會導致粉刺的保養品。
另外,有一類的化妝保養品成分,會導致皮膚產生膿,或是紅色痘痘樣的疹子,被稱為致痘性,通常在使用產品大約三至七天後產生。致痘性的測試沒有可靠的動物試驗方式,所以只有做人體測試。會有致痘性的產品通常在兔耳測試中,也會呈現強陽性反應。常見可能有致痘性的物質包括isopropyl myristate異丙基肉豆蔻酸鹽,及類似的化合物,羊毛脂及其衍生物,清潔劑及藥用紅色染料,以及礦物油和凡士林等油脂類。
治療期間更換為非粉刺配方的化妝保養品,對於已經形成的粉刺不會馬上有所改善,需要經過一段時間的治療才會消退。治療上,可用A酸藥膏、果酸換膚,以及專業的粉刺清除術治療,可以加速閉鎖性粉刺癒合的速度。對於膿或是痘痘樣病灶治療,可以給予抗生素藥膏,或是過氧化苯藥膏,效果都很不錯。
容易長痘痘的患者,在選用化妝保養品時,除了選擇水溶性不油膩的產品外,最好選用經過人體測試的非粉刺配方的產品。如果懷疑痘痘、粉刺可能因為使用化妝保養品所導致,最好先停用該產品,並且儘快尋求皮膚專科醫師的治療。

疑吃減肥藥罹猛爆肝炎 家屬捐肝救命

減肥藥可別亂吃,小心可能要人命。中國醫藥大學附設醫院最近接獲一起病例,小女生疑似喝了減肥茶,導致罹患猛爆性肝炎,還好舅舅緊急捐肝,才救回病患性命。
十二歲的黃小妹,外表有些嬰兒肥,嫌自己太胖,郵購綠茶粉減肥茶,沒想到才只喝了一杯,肚子疼痛異常,接著出現黃疸,肝功能變差,最後罹患猛爆性肝炎,短短兩天,陷入昏迷,命在旦夕的她,三十二歲的舅舅魯先生,立即捐肝救外甥女。
[中午就趕來醫院,下午開始驗,作一些肝臟的檢查,隔天就捐肝了,現在看侄女恢復健康,感覺如何,覺得付出有代價,只因她是我的外甥女]
黃小妹鬼門關前走一遭,個性害羞的她,不擅言語,但對她及家人而言,再也不敢輕易喝來路不明的減肥茶。另一 名病例則是二十九歲的許小姐,三年前罹患罕見的史帝爾氏症(Still's disease),一直靠類固醇控制病情,因發燒、腹漲、黃疸求診住院,治療後卻不見起色,正在讀研究所的妹妹,也毅然決定捐肝,終於救回姐姐寶貴性命。兩起活體肝臟移植病例,差點奪走病患性命,家人無悔付出,也讓人感受親情的偉大。

「謝老師」賣偽藥 逾兩萬人上當

廣通集團利用藝人代言,在有線電視台強打增高、減肥、豐胸的「謝老師」健康天然食品,被檢舉誇張療效,及販賣違、禁藥品。板橋地檢署昨天指揮刑事局同步搜索該集團十八處據點,逮捕「謝老師」謝福松等六人,初步估計該集團至少詐騙超過兩萬名民眾,詐騙金額達十億元。
警方清查替該集團代言的藝人多達卅六人,昨晚先約談龐祥麟、連靜雯、林佑星和「阿嬌」等四人;四人都說沒有吃過「謝老師」產品,只是以三到十萬元幫忙代言,不知道有違禁藥,檢方訊後飭回。廣通公司負責人廖紋廣與廖美雪夫婦則傳喚未到案,已被檢方限制出境。
警方預計還有第二波代言藝人約談動作,被鎖定參與代言不實廣告的藝人名單,包括一名「女F4」成員stacy、楊懷民、徐風父子、高群、彭莉、蔡佳宏、梁又楠、劉依純、吳雪芬、李嘉、安苡葳、曹西平、韋汝、方馨、李祖寧、李欣、王皓、小彬彬、林美美、星卉、范瑞君、楚萱、張雯婷、玉尚、何奕東、張靜懿、邢宇凌、李黛玲、甲子慧、劉美玲、李蕙瑛及向娃等人。
刑事局表示,廣通的產品都沒有衛生署核可字號,吃了之後不但無法達到宣稱的增高、減肥、豐胸、改善體質效果,有些還會腹瀉、腎炎、頭痛、胸悶無法排尿等症狀,一名張姓女子更大小腸嚴重敗血,目前生命垂危。
警方調查,部份被害人吃了連靜雯等人代言的減肥豐胸產品後,發生腹瀉、腎發炎、頭痛胸悶、肺部嚴重積水、無法排尿等後遺症,其中,張姓女子食用該詐騙集團改善體質產品後,目前洗腎和引起的腎併發症,尚在加護病房救治,醫院已發出病危通知。
刑事局調查,謝福松(四十九歲)只有國小學歷,但在廣告中宣稱對青草有獨特的研究,標榜有獨門秘方;從八十八年起,由廖紋廣與廖美雪夫婦等人,先後在台北縣市、桃園台中市設立廣通集團,下設日瀠子、京虹、明新、永瀠、詮佳縈、目彪、詮縈等生物科技公司和金昇鈺、池正、芭緹纖體、百健產物、世界生活行銷等十三家子公司。
部分被害人 吃了腹瀉、肺積水
該集團以行銷公司名義向有線電視台購買廣告時段,向民眾介紹成份不明的增高、減肥、豐胸、改善體質的健康食品,再透過知名藝人代言見證,猛打「保證有療效」的不實廣告,在民眾撥打電話到公司後,即由自稱是「營養師」的業務員強力吹噓,宣稱3個月「立即見效」。

該集團不在電視上刊登產品名稱,而是等觀眾打電話來詢問,再派一名「營養師」吹噓產品,並以無效全額退費慫恿民眾購買,且只接受刷卡付費;部分被害人因此信用卡遭盜刷。
部份被害人在食用後產生嚴重不適住院,向該集團要求退費,甚至向消基會控訴,但該集團百般推拖,並轉而介紹其他強效藥組輔助,或以折扣、請被害人當代言人領取獎金等手法,再次詐欺被害人。
警方偵訊後,先將謝福松等六嫌依詐欺、偽造文書和違反藥事法、公平交易法移送板橋地檢署偵辦,其他代言藝人,將分批通知到案說明。

小藥師評述:這真的是非常可惡的行為,然而在台灣,每年還是很多人受騙,可能跟藝人廣告有關,其實小藥師認為一人應該要負起連帶社會責任,畢竟是公眾人物,對於這種對於身體有影響的物品,還是不可以信口雌黃,更何況也是收錢替人家作廣告,理應受到連帶刑責

建構部落格

剛剛看了一下其他人的部落格,感覺其十這邊可以發揮的東西很多,很不錯,只是自己不會寫,
未來希望可以增加的東西有
  1. 留言板
  2. 文章分類區
  3. Google專屬搜尋
  4. 照片整理區

感覺這邊也可以建立VLOG,不過還需要點時間研究一下

整理部落格

當初雖然是看到廣告才在這邊設定部落格的,那時候google還只是beta版,沒想到短短幾天,就已經變成正式版了。
其實小藥師已經在其他地方有開部落格了,例如蘋果的網頁,不過在這邊是因為自由度比較高,可能等到之後比較熟悉指令操作了,就會移過來這邊了